William C. Martel, Professor of National Security Affairs, Director of the defense analysis course, and Alan Shepherd Chair of Space Technology and Policy, at the Naval War College, was previously Associate Professor of International Relations, and founder and Director, Center for Strategy and Technology, at the Air War College. He received his doctorate in international relations from the University of Massachusetts (Amherst), and was a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow and MacArthur Scholar at Harvard University's Center for Science and International Affairs in the Kennedy School of Government. Martel served as a member of the professional staff of the RAND Corporation in Washington, DC, where he directed studies on various national security problems, including research on proliferation, the U.S. governmental process for managing proliferation, and technological research and development. The author of numerous scholarly books, articles, and book chapters, Martel wrote Strategic Nuclear War (Greenwood Press, 1986), How to Stop a War (Doubleday, 1987), has published scholarly articles in The Washington Quarterly, Orbis, Defense Analysis, Strategic Review, and the Fletcher Forum, and has written articles for the Wall Street Journal and Christian Science Monitor. His most recent book was on defense technologies, The Technological Arsenal (Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001), and is currently completing a book on victory in American foreign policy. Martel served on the USAF Scientific Advisory Board on a study of the use of commercial communications and imaging systems and chaired the panel dealing with national policies; he also chaired the strategy panel for the Air Force’s Lasers and Space Optical Systems Study. He is the recipient of research support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), National Reconnaissance Office, The Office of Secretary of Defense, U.S. Air Force Space Command, and other agencies for studies on a wide range of technological and policy issues. He is a principal in several studies on space technology and policy issues with MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory. Martel is a member of the International Institute of Strategic Studies, and teaches courses on defense technology and policy analysis at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in Boston.