El Presente
In the
present tense we have three groups of regular verbs (that have the
same stem for each different person and the following endings):
|
Person
|
Infinitive
ending in -ar
|
Infinitive
ending in -er
|
Infinitive
ending in -ir
|
|
|
hablar
|
comer
|
vivir
|
|
yo
|
habl
o
|
com
o
|
viv
o
|
|
tú
|
habl
as
|
com
es
|
viv
es
|
|
él,
ella, Ud.
|
habl
a
|
com
e
|
viv
e
|
|
nosotros/
as
|
habl
amos
|
com
emos
|
viv
imos
|
|
vosotros/
as
|
habl
áis
|
com
éis
|
viv
ís
|
|
ellos,
ellas, Uds.
|
habl
an
|
com
en
|
viv
en
|
You
can see that the verbs ending in -er and -ir are only different en the
first and second person plural.
We
have also verbs called stem changing verbs (that have exactly the
same endings as the regular verbs but a different stem vowel from the infinitive
in all the persons, except for the first and second person plural):
Change
from e to ie
The
following verbs have the same stem change: comenzar, empezar, negar,
defender, encender, entender, perder, mentir, preferir
Change
from e to i
|
pedir
|
|
pido
|
|
pides
|
|
pide
|
|
pedimos
|
|
pedís
|
|
piden
|
The
following verbs have the same stem change: conseguir, impedir, seguir,
elegir, repetir, servir
Change
from o to ue
|
Person
|
Infinitive
ending in -ar
|
Infinitive
ending in -er
|
Infinitive
ending in -ir
|
|
|
contar
|
volver
|
dormir
|
|
yo
|
cuento
|
vuelvo
|
duermo
|
|
tú
|
cuent
as
|
vuelv
es
|
duerm
es
|
|
él,
ella, Ud.
|
cuent
a
|
vuelv
e
|
duerm
e
|
|
nosotros/
as
|
contamos
|
volvemos
|
dormimos
|
|
vosotros/
as
|
cont áis
|
volvéis
|
dormís
|
|
ellos,
ellas, Uds.
|
cuent
an
|
vuelv en
|
duerm
en
|
The
following verbs have the same stem change: costar, encontrar, mostrar,
probar, recordar, devolver, llover, mover, poder, morir
Change
from u to ue
|
jugar
|
|
juego
|
|
juegas
|
|
juega
|
|
jugamos
|
|
jugái
s
|
|
juegan
|
Change
from i to í
|
enviar
|
|
envío
|
|
envías
|
|
envía
|
|
enviamos
|
|
enviáis
|
|
enví
an
|
The
following verbs have the same stem change: confiar,
criar,
guiar
Change
from u to ú
|
continuar
|
|
continúo
|
|
continúas
|
|
continúa
|
|
continuamos
|
|
continuáis
|
|
continúan
|
The
following verbs have the same stem change: acentuar,
actuar,
graduar,
reunir
Change
from i to y (unstressed i between two vowels is changed
to y):
|
construir
|
|
construyo
|
|
construyes
|
|
construye
|
|
construimos
|
|
construís
|
|
construyen
|
The
following verbs have the same stem change: concluir,
distribuir,
contribuir,
huir,
destruir,
incluir
Due to the general rules of
pronounciation, some verbs have orthographic changes in the first person
singular:
|
Person
|
Change
from g to j
|
Change
from gu to g
|
Change
from c to z
|
|
|
coger
|
distinguir
|
vencer
|
|
yo
|
cojo
|
distingo
|
venzo
|
|
tú
|
coges
|
distingues
|
vences
|
|
él,
ella, Ud.
|
coge
|
distingue
|
vence
|
|
nosotros/
as
|
cogemos
|
distinguimos
|
vencemos
|
|
vosotros/
as
|
cogéis
|
distingís
|
vencéis
|
|
ellos,
ellas, Uds.
|
cojen
|
distinguen
|
vencen
|
| g
- j: |
Other
verbs are escoger, proteger, elegir, exigir, fingir, corregir, dirigir |
| gu
-g: |
Other
verbs are seguir,
conseguir |
| c - zc |
Other verbs are parecer, agradecer,
aparecer, |
| c
- z: |
Other
verbs are convencer,
torcer, ejercer, mecer |
Other verbs have irregular first person
forms:
conocer - conozco (Similar
verbs are: parecer, agradecer, aparecer, merecer, obedecer,
ofrecer, permanecer, reconocer, conducir,
introducir,
producir, traducir
caer - caigo (Similar
verb: traer)
hacer - hago
poner - pongo
salir - salgo (Similar verb:
valer)
saber - sé
Finally there is a number of so called irregular verbs, with more than one
kind of spelling change. Some of them are:
decir - digo, dices, dice,
decimos, dicen
tener - tengo, tienes, tiene,
tenemos, tienen
venir - vengo, vienes, viene,
venimos, vienen
dar - doy, das, da, damos, dan
estar - estoy, estás, está, estamos, están
haber - he, has ha (hay), hemos, han
ir - voy, vas, va, vamos, van
oír - oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oyen
ser - soy, eres, es, somos, son
ver
-
veo, ves, ve, vemos, ven
|