• Presidents face many hurdles when attempting to create and implement major policy changes. One of the major obstacles is
• bureaucratic politics
• "iron triangles"
• "Groupthink"
• All of the above.*

• A president trying to convince the Defense Department and the Joint Chiefs of Staff to agree to an arms control proposal is an example of
• the separation of powers.
• federalism
• an iron triangle.
• bureaucratic politics.*

Recall that I said "within" government negotiations are often as difficult as between (or inter-government) bargaining. Policy does not flow from a simple presidential command or directive but results from bureaucratic in-fighting.

• The disadvantages of interest group politics include
• some groups in society are not adequately represented.
• the preferences of the majority sometimes lose out to minority preferences.
• political parties are weakened.
• all of the above.*

• Which of these is an example of the "conflict of interest" problem discussed in class?
• Health care
• Individual campaign contributions.
• The Rasmussen report to the AEC regarding reactor safety.*
• The Kinsey Report to the Congress.

You had to be in class to know this. Remember that I talked about how the AEC used outside consultants to evaluate the safety of nuclear reactors and that the consultants came or worked for the nuclear industry.

• Theoretically, the supreme power of a national party is the:
• ward committee.
• state convention.
• national convention.*
• the president.

• Most of us have been taught that the national government consists of three branches. The lecturer, however, feels that which of the following should also be considered a "branch" of government? as well?
• The Federal Reserve system (FED)*
• The voters
• The Executive Office
• All of the above

I can't stress this point enough.

• The film, "What Happened to Bill Clinton?" suggests that which of the following is the most important or effective presidential power?
• The line item veto
• Control of the armed forces
• Reputation*
• Knowledge

Besides being a central point in the film, I mentioned it explicitly in class.

• After individual contributions the main source of campaign contributions is:
• Businesses
• Labor unions
• Political action committees (PACs)*
• Political parties

Parties do not contribute as much as PACs. So, to whom will a candidate feel obligated to support if elected?

• The lecturer thinks that modern campaign techniques, with the emphasis on the use of "adtech," has which of these effects?
• Increase the interest and excitement of elections.
• Make people more aware of issues.
• Weakens political discourse and hence discourages political participation*
• Force candidates to state their positions on issues clearly

• Americans want their representatives to be
• protectors of state or local interests.*
• loyal to their party.
• to look after the needs of the country even if doing so means ignoring local or regional interests.
• wealthy and healthy.

• Public funding is available for which of these campaigns?
• Presidential
• Congressional
• Presidential and congressional
• Primaries

Note: I stressed that public financing applies only to presidential elections. A hotly debated idea or proposal is to extend such funding to congressional elections. But that reform has not yet been accepted.

Again, I suggest that you follow the strategy I have mentioned several times before: read the question and think about the general proposition or point that it addresses before looking at the alternatives. As you do, ask "what would I expect one of the choices to be?" Then pick the best response.

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