Skeletal System: all bones of the body, associated cartilages, joints

The skeleton is the solid framework of the body. It has five important functions: rigidity and support; muscle attachment and leverage; protection; blood cell formation; and mineral storage.

The human skeleton has two major divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, the verterbral column and the thorax. the appendicular skeleton is composed of the pectoral girdle, the bones of the arms, hands, wrists, legs, feet and ankles.

Muscular System: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles There are over 200 defined superficial skeletal muscles in the human body. Each muscle is attached to the skeletal system at two points via muscle tendons. These points of attachment are referred to as the origin (stationary point) and insertion (moving point.) Most muscles cross a joint between their points of attachment, and thus act on the skeletal components in a lever-like fashion.

Reproductive System: testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral gland, ovary, uterus, mammary gland

The male and female reproductive systems are designed to ensure the production of reproductive cells (gametes), and to provide a method of binding those cells together. In addition, the female system is capable of supporting and nourishing the growing embryo until it has sufficiently developed to exist independently.

Nervous System: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is further divided into the brain and spinal cord, which interpret incoming sensory information and give out instructions. The PNS is composed of the cranial and spinal nerves, ganglia (clusters of nerve cells) and sensory receptors, which structure and carry information from the sensory receptors to the CNS and from the CNS to the appropriate glands or muscles. The brain is further divided into four parts; cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem and cerebellum.

Cardiovascular System: heart, blood vessels, blood

The cardiovascular system is generally divided into two interconnected circuits through which blood continuously circulates. The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart. The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all other parts of the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Respiratory System: lungs, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli, diaphragm

The respiratory system is designed to provide sufficient oxygen for the needs of the body and to remove wastes (primarily carbon dioxide). Inspired oxygen diffuses from the air spaces in the lungs to the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide leaves the blood by diffusion, moves into the lungs, and is removed from the body in the exhaled air. The control of the rate and depth of respiration is mediated by a respiratory center (medulla) in the brain.

Endocrine System: all glands produce hormones; pituitary, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas, testis, ovary

Lymphatic System: lymph, lymph nodes, lympatic vessels, lymph glands

Digestive System: a long tube from the mouth to the anus, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Urinary System: kidney, ureter, urethra

Integumentary System: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, oil glands