The following is a list of terms that refer to the ten statements below. Choose the term that best fits the statement and write the letter that is next to the term as your answer. Terms can be used more than once or not at all. If no term fits the statement, write E as your answer.

A.  multiple allelic series  A. homozygous A. non-disjunction
B.  pleitropy   B. heterozygous B. incomplete dominance
C.  allele   C. dominant C. sex-linked
D.  epistasis   D. recessive D. co-dominance

1.  One gene has effects on more than one phenotype. ____
2.  All genes on the X chromosome. _____
3.  More than two alleles for a gene in a population. _____
4.  One phenotype is caused by more than one gene. _____
5.  Cause of Trisomy 21. _____
6.  Different forms of a gene. _____
7.  Pink snapdragon color. _____
8.  Individual contains only one form of a gene in their genotype. _____
9.  One gene hides the effects of another gene. _____
10.  The AB blood type. _____

Questions 11 - 15 are either True or False. Answer A for True or B for False.

11.  If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a trait and the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.9, then the frequency of the dominant allele is .10. ____
12.  For the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation to be true, the population must engage in nonrandom mating. _____
13.  In Mendel’s crosses with pea plants, the F1 generation was always heterozygous. _____
14.  People with type O blood have an ii genotype and can receive any blood type. _____
15.  Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked disease that only a man can have. _____

16.  Mendel performed a cross between individuals heterozygous for three different traits: tall or short plant (tall is dominant), red or white flowers (red is dominant), and green or yellow pods (green is dominant). What fraction of offspring are expected to have tall plants, red flowers, and green pods?

A.  27/64
B.  12/64
C.  9/64
D.  6/64
E.  3/64

17.  Tom is in an accident and needs a blood transfusion. Unfortunately, neither of his parents can give him the blood. Which of the following could explain this?

A.  Tom’s genotype is AB, his parents are AA and AB.
B.  Tom’s genotoype is Ai, his parents are Ai and ii.
C.  Tom’s genotype is Bi, his parents are ii and BB.
D.  Tom’s genotype is ii, his parents are Ai and Bi.
E.  Tom must be adopted for this to happen, no matter what his genotype.

18.  Y-linked genes include a gene that produces hairy pinna (the external ear). A male with hairy pinna should pass this trait.

A.  usually to his sons, but rarely also to a daughter.
B.  only to his sons.
C.  only to his daughters.
D.  only to his grandsons.
E.  to all of his children if the mother is a carrier.

19.  In humans, a widow’s peak is caused by a dominant allele W, and a continuous hairline by a recessive allele, w. Short fingers are caused by a dominant allele S, and long fingers by a recessive allele s. Suppose a woman with a continuous hairline and short fingers and a man with a widow’s peak and long fingers have three children. One child has short fingers and a widow’s peak, one has long fingers and a widow’s peak, and one has long fingers and a continuous hairline. What are the genotypes of the parents?

A.  Female wwSS; male WWss
B.  Female wwSs; male Wwss
C.  Female wwSs; male WWss
D.  Female WwSs; male WwSs
E.  None of the above

20.  Why would you predict that half of the human babies born will be males and half will be females?

A.  Because of the segregtion of the X and Y chromosomes during male meiosis.
B.  Because of the segregation of the X chromosomes during female meiosis.
C.  Because all eggs contain an X chromosome.
D.  A and B
E.  A and C

21.  Which of the following statements about Mendelian genetics is false?

A.  Alternate forms of a gene are called alleles.
B.  A locus is the gene’s location on its chromosome.
C.  Only two alleles can exist for a given gene.
D.  A genotype is a description of the alleles that represent an individual’s genes.
E.  Individuals with the same phenotype can have different genotyes.

22.  The genetic disease blue sclera is determined by an autosomal (not sex-linked) dominant allele. The eyes of individuals with this allele have bluish sclera. These same individuals may also suffer from fragile bones and deafness. This is an example of

A.  incomplete dominance.
B.  pleitropy.
C.  epistasis.
D.  co-dominance.
E.  linkage.

23.  Which of the following are the possible genotypes of a white-eyed fruit fly?  (X+ means the normal allele and Xw means the mutated allele).

A.  X+Xw and X+Y
B.  X+X+ and XwY
C.  XwXw and X+Y
D.  XwXw and XwY
E.  X+Xw and XwY

24.  What possible gametes can be produced from the genotype AABbCc?

A.  AA, Bb, and Cc.
B.  only ABC and Abc.
C.  ABC, AbC, ABC, Abc,  and Abc.
D.  A, B, C, b, and c.
E.  None of the above are possible.

25.  A pea plant with red flowers is test crossed and one half of the resulting progeny have red flowers and the other half  have white flowers. Red is dominant to white. This tells you that the genotype of the test-crossed parent was

A.  RR.
B.  Rr.
C.  either RR or Rr.
D.  rr.
E.  Cannot tell unless the genotypes of both parents are known.

26.  Which of the following is not true of homologous chromosome pairs?

A.  They come from both of the individual’s parents.
B.  They usually contain slightly different versions of the same genetic information.
C.  They segregate from each other during meiosis II.
D.  They synapse during meiosis I.
E.  Each contains two sister chromatids at the beginning of meiosis I.

27.  Which of the following statements about gametogenesis is false?

A.  During spermatogenesis the haploid gamete is the spermatid.
B.  The unfertilized egg that is ovulated has completed the second meiotic division.
C.  The human female at birth has produced primary oocytes.
D.  A prolonged prophase I arrest occurs in both male and female humans.
E.  B and D

28.  During meiosis, the sister chromatids separate during

A.  anaphase II.
B.  anaphase I.
C.  the S phase.
D.  synapsis.
E.  telophase II.

29.  DNA replication occurs

A.  before both meiosis and mitosis.
B.  only before meiosis.
C.  only before mitosis.
D.  during the S phase.
E.  A and D

30.  The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes occurs during

A.  interphase.
B.  mitosis and meiosis.
C.  prophase I.
D.  anaphase I.
E.  prophase II.

31.  During mitotic anaphase, chromatids migrate

A.  from the poles of the cell toward the metaphase plate.
B.  from the metaphase plate toward the poles.
C.  toward the nuclear envelope.
D.  along with their sister chromatids toward one pole.
E.  along with the other member of the homologous pair toward the metaphase plate.