Note:    Meiosis and mitosis will not be on our second exam, ignore those questions.
 

The following is a list of terms that we discussed in class. They may or may not relate to one or more of the statements below. Choose the term that BEST fits the statement and write the letter that is next to it as your answer. Terms can be used more than once or not at all. If no term applies, write E as your answer.

A.  topoisomerase              A. centromere         A. histone
B.  peptidyl transferase       B. chromatin           B. DNA helicase
C.  DNA polymerase         C. chromatid           C. spindle
D.  DNA ligase                  D. kinetochore         D. protein kinase

1.  Holds sister chromatids together. _____ omit
2.  Makes the messenger RNA. _____
3.  Melts the hydrogen bonds that hold DNA strands together. _____
4.  Part of the nucleosome. _____ omit
5.  Connects Okazaki fragments. _____
6.  Transfers phosphate groups between molecules. _____ omit
7.  The exact copy of a chromosome following S phase. _____ omit
8.  Attaches the amino acid to the tRNA. _____
9.  Enzyme that operates during S phase. _____
10.  Prevents tangling of the DNA as the replication fork progresses. _____
11.  Connects deoxynucleotides together. _____
12.  DNA complexed with nucleosomes. _____ omit
13.  Part of the ribosome. _____
14.  Activated by binding to a cyclin. _____
15.  Attaches amino acids together. _____
 

Statements 16 through 25 are either True or False. If True, answer A, if False, answer B.

16.  Homologous chromosomes contain different genes. _____ omit
17.  Sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the dividing cell during Anaphase of Meiosis II. _____omit
18.  Sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the dividing cell during Anaphase of Mitosis. omit.
19.  Immediately following S phase, sister chromatids are identical in every way. _____ omit
20.  Chiasmata are evidence that chromosomes have been replicated during S phase. _____omit
21.  Hershey and Chase found radioactive sulfur (35S) in the newly made T2 from the cell pellets. _____
22.  Virulent S strain bacteria killed Frederic Griffith’s mouse. _____
23.  DNA is made from nucleotides that do not have a OH group attached to carbon number 3 of the ribose. _____
24.  Phosphodiester bonds are made between the 3’phosphate of one nucleotide and the 5’ OH of another. _____
25.  B-DNA is a double-stranded molecule made up of two parallel polymers of DNA. _____
 

Questions 26-50 are multiple choice. Select the BEST answer.

26.  DNA replication occurs

A.  before both mitosis and meiosis.
B.  only before mitosis.
C.  only before meiosis.
D.  during the S phase.
E.  both A and D are correct.

27.  The products of mitosis are omit

A.  one nucleus containing twice as much DNA as the parent nucleus.
B.  two genetically identical nuclei.
C.  four nuclei containing half as much DNA as the parent nucleus.
D.  one nucleus containing half as much DNA as the parent nucleus.
E.  four genetically identical nuclei.
 

28.  At the end of the first meiotic division, each of the original chromosomes consists of
omit
A.  one chromatid.
B.  a homologous chromosome pair.
C.  four copies of each DNA molecule.
D.  two chromatids.
E.  a pair of microtubules.

29.  Diploid cells of the fruit-fly have 10 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a fruit-fly gamete have? omit

A.  One
B.  Two
C.  Five
D.  Ten
E.  Twenty

30.  The rules formulated by Chargaff that helped Watson and Crick work out the structure of DNA state that

A.  A=T and G=C in any molecule of DNA.
B.  A=C and G=T in any molecule of DNA.
C.  A=G and C=T in any molecule of DNA.
D.  A=U and G=C in any molecule of DNA.
E.  A=U and G=T in any molecule of DNA.

31.  During replication, the new DNA strand is synthesized

A.  in the 3’-5’ direction always.
B.  in the 5’-3’ direction always.
C.  in both the 3’-5’ direction and the 5’-3- direction from the replication fork.
D.  in either the 3’-5’ or 5’-3’ direction depending on the polarity of the template strand.
E.  always from one end of the DNA molecule to the other, regardless of the direction.

32.  Double-stranded DNA looks like a ladder that has been twisted into a spiral. The steps of the ladder are

A.  individual nitrogenous bases.
B.  pairs of bases.
C.  alternating bases and phosphate groups.
D.  alternating sugars and bases.
E.  alternating sugars and phosphate groups.

33.  If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains 30% T, how much G does it contain?

A.  20%
B.  30%
C.  40%
D.  50%
E.  Cannot answer with this amount of information.

34.  Which of the following statements about the flow of genetic information is correct?

A.  Proteins encode information that is used to produce other proteins of the same amino acid sequence.
B.  RNA encodes information that is transcribed into DNA, and DNA encodes information that is translated into proteins.
C.  Proteins encode information that can be translated into RNA, and RNA encodes information that can be transcribed into DNA.
D.  DNA encodes information that is transcribed into RNA, and RNA encodes information that is translated into proteins.
E.  DNA encodes information that is transcribed into proteins which are then translated into RNA.

35.  A sequence of RNA bases can function as a

A.  codon.
B.  anticodon.
C.  START signal.
D.  Both A and B are correct.
E.  All are correct.

36.  Transcription is the process of

A.  synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template.
B.  assembling ribonucleotide triphosphates into an RNA molecule without a template.
C.  synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template.
D.  synthesizing a protein using information from messenger RNA.
E.  replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule.

37.  During translation initiation, the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is

A.  the A site.
B.  the B site.
C.  the large subunit.
D.  the T site.
E.  the P site.

38.  During translation elongation but before translocation, the existing polypeptide chain is transferred to

A.  the tRNA occupying the A site.
B.  the tRNA occupying the P site.
C.  the ribosomal RNA.
D.  the peptidyl transferase.
E.  signal recognition particle.

39.  The region of a gene that binds RNA polymerase to initiate transcription is called

A.  the exon.
B.  the intron.
C.  the cap.
D.  the poly A tail.
E.  the promoter.

40.  During sexual reproduction, genetic variability occurs omit

A.  during Prophase I and Anaphase I.
B.  during Prophase I and Anaphase II.
C.  during fertilization, Prophase I and Anaphase I.
D.  during fertilization, Prophase I and Anaphase II.
E.  during fertilization only.

41.  Which of the following statements about gametogenesis is false? omit

A.  The human female has begun Meiosis I before birth.
B.  Prophase arrest can last for over a decade.
C.  The human male produces a haploid gamete called a spermatogoinum.
D.  The human female produces only one functional ootid during Meiosis II.
E.  The human female usually does not undergo Meiosis II.
 

Use the following figure to answer questions 42 and 43.
 

A drawing of a replication fork would appear here.
 
 
 

42.  Which strand will be replicated discontinuously using Okazaki fragments?

 A.
 B.

43.  Which strand will give rise to the leading strand?

 A.
 B.

44.  Eucaryotic mRNAs

A.  have a CAP attached at the 5’end.
B.  have a CAP attached at the 3’ end.
C.  have a poly-A tail attached at the 5’ end.
D.  both A and C are correct.
E.  both B and C are correct.

45.  Splicing

A.  Occurs during translation.
B.  removes exons from  DNA.
C.  Removes exons from RNA.
D.  Removes introns following transcription.
E.  None of the above is correct.

Use the following picture to answer questions 46 and 47.
 

A picture of transfer RNA would appear here.
 
 
 

46.  Where is the amino acid attached?

 A.
 B.
 C.
 D.
 E.

47.  Where is the anticodon found?

 A.
 B.
 C.
 D.
 E.
 

48.  Which of the following is a possible codon-anticodon interaction?

A.  5’AUG3’ (codon) with 5’UAC3’ (anticodon)
B.  5’AUG3’ (codon) with 3’UAC5’ (anticodon)
C.  5’AUG3’ (codon) with 5’TAC3’ (anticodon)
D.  5’AUG3’ (codon) with 3’TAC5’ (anticodon)
E.  3’AUG5’ (codon) with 5’UAC3, (anticodon)

49.  If the sequence of bases in a mRNA molecule is 5’CAUGUA3’ then

A.  the sequence of the template strand was 5’GTACAT3’.
B.  the sequence of the template strand was 5’TACATG3’.
C.  the sequence of the template strand was 5’GUACAU3’.
D.  the sequence of the template strand was 5’UACAUG3’.
E.  the sequence of the template strand was 5’CATGTA3’ .

50.  Chromosomes

A.  Contain genes in the form of proteins that code for DNA.
B.  Contain proteins in the form of DNA that code for genes.
C.  Contain DNA in the form of proteins that code for genes..
D.  Contain genes in the form of DNA that code for proteins.
E.  Contain proteins in the form of genes that code for DNA.