Please answer two of the following three essay topics.  I have indicated in parenthesis the names of authors whose work I think will help you answer each question.  You are not obliged to use all of them, nor should they limit you.  Each essay should be 3+ double-spaced pages.  These are not position pieces, rather your answers need to reflect your historical understanding of how ideas and actions change over time.  The difference between an “A” and a “B” essay is that the “B” essay offers a good description of change and an “A” essay explains why changes occurred.  Structure, clarity, spelling and grammar all count.