For these reasons, several types of appraisal and planning have been instituted. Annual evaluations provide administrators, faculty, professionals, and staff an opportunity to meet with their immediate supervisors for a personal review of activities and accomplishments and a planning session for future objectives and goals. Leadership at the unit level can have a most direct and significant effect. Peer evaluations, which come less frequently, attempt to put wider resources into the review processes, resources that are represented by one's colleagues and their collective experience and wisdom. Since promotion and tenure recommendations are heavily dependent on peer reviews, it is essential that candidates have early indications from their colleagues on how their progress in the areas of teaching, research/creative/professional activity, and service is being regarded. The chairperson's role in these latter activities is to facilitate and coordinate the processes and to provide leadership wherever appropriate.
