中文一零七
期末复习 （General Review)
You gave me the incorrect change.
_______________________________________________.
Medium sizes are sold out.
________________________________________________.
I have finished today’s homework.
_________________________________________________.
Note that to negate Resultative Complement, use “没有/没”instead of “不”.
What the teacher just said I did not understand.
_________________________________________.
I did not find my family’s picture.
__________________________________________.
Resultative Complements (II)
买错 找错 写错 看错 说错
看完 吃完 考完 喝完 写完
找到 看到 听到 买到 学到
做好 买好 写好 考好 学好
听懂 看懂
I believe I have understood what you said.
After I have done my homework, I will go and visit you.
Sorry, you gave me the wrong change.
Have you found that book?
I wasn't able to buy (up) the book you want.
Directional Complements –see handout
上 下 进 出 回 过 起 开 到 来 去
a. Simple directional complement:
他走进饭馆。
b. Compound directional complement:
我拿出一本书来。
· four patterns of directional complement:
(1) 他上楼去。
(2) 请你买一些水果来。
(3) 他回到学校去。
(4) 他买回来了两条裤子。
Descriptive Complements (II)
a. 我们玩得很高兴。
b. 他笑得很可爱。
c. 你高兴得跳起来。
We all had a very good time last week.
The post office is far away from the library. Xiao Wang was worn out from walking.
Potential Complements
得/不 is placed between a verb and a resultative or directional complement to indicate whether a certain result will be realized or not.
a. 这本书你看得懂吗？
b. 你说得太快了。 我听不懂。
c. 今天的功课不多， 我做得完。
改错：
a. 我把今天的功课做不完。
b. 这个汉字太难， 他不能写好。
Verbal Phrases and Subject-Predicate Phrases used as Attributives (relative Clause)
吃的东西 看的书 买的衣服 写的字
a. 他是我以前认识的朋友。
b. 我很喜欢你给我的礼物。
Do you know the girl who danced with you yesterday?
She doesn't know the person who treated her to coffee last week.
“把”Structure:
Subject +(aux) 把+Object + Verb + Complement/object2/了/repetition of verb.
With complement:
Your friend drove away your car this morning.
________________________________________________.
With object:
Please return the books to the library.
________________________________________________.
With 了:
How did you manage to forget mom’s birthday?
________________________________________________.
With repetition of verb:
Would you please take a look at this picture?
_________________________________________________.
Negation of “把”; It is incorrect to say:
他把钱没有还给我.
________________________________________________________.
Where do you have to use把?
Please put the book on this table.
______________________________________________.
Where is把not needed?
Time when and time duration:
Time-when:
Last night I danced. ____________________________________________.
Time Duration:
I danced for two hours. _________________________________________.
Time when and time duration in one sentence: please pay attention to the location of time phrases
Last night I danced for two hours.
_____________________________________.
Double Vs. single “了”:
I have learned Chinese for two years (not continuing).
______________________________________________________.
I have been learning Chinese for two years (still continuing)
_______________________________________________________.
Measurement of Action ”次“
a. 去年我去了一次中国。
b. 昨天他来找了王老师两次。
How many times have you seen this movie?
She wrote this character more than forty times.
Emphatic expressions:
一………都/也……不/没……
These structures are used to form an emphatic negation, equals to “not at all”. Note that
“一点儿”Usually used for uncountable nouns after “一”.
These days I am so busy, I don’t have any time at all.
_______________________________________________________________.
I don’t like any of the videos I rented.
________________________________________________________________.
Incorrect: 他没有一个朋友.
__________________________.
连。。。。都/也。。。。（can be positive and negative）
她连自己的家都不认识。
小高最近很忙，连今天是妈妈的生日都忘了。
His room is extremely messy, I can’t even find a place to sit.
Wang peng has been to a lot of cities in U.S., he has (even) been to Wilmington.
Directions and location phrases
上 下 前 后 左 右 东 南 西 北 里 外 旁
a. She sits in front of me.
b. The post office is on the right side.
c. The movie theater is on the eastern side of the street.
d. They are all inside the classroom
改错：
我想他在中国里。
你从北京里来吗？
Comparative Sentences with ”没有
a. 我朋友没有我高。
b. 她没有她妹妹那么喜欢看电影。
His old sister does not like to buy clothes as much as his younger sister does.
Do you think you don't have as much money as he does?
* Comparative Sentences with "不比"
你不比我朋友高。
今天不比昨天热。
多/少 + Verb: indicating deviation from the correct amount or number
我每天都写五十个字。今天我写了四十个字，少写了十个字。
The teacher gave us some extra homework today.
_______________________________________________________________.
"一。 。 。 就。 。 。" Structure
a. 中文很容易， 你一学就会。
b. 到第一个路口， 往右一拐就到电影院了。
改错：
a. 一他写汉字，就他睡觉了。
b. 你不一看书，就考试考不好。
The use of “还” (still)
a. 已经上午十一点了， 他还在睡觉。
b. 他学了五年的英文了， 可是还没有学好。
The teacher has taught us this grammar point, but still I don't understand it.
You have written these Chinese characters for more than two hours, how come you still haven't finished (writing) them?
The dynamic particle 过
Have you been to England?
___________________________________.
Xiao Gao has never had dumplings before.
___________________________________.
Sentences with "是。 。 。 的"
a. 你是什么时候来美国的？
b. 你是和谁一起去纽约的？
By what means of transportation did you fly to California?
Where did you buy this pair of pants?
The preposition ”对“
a. 这本书对我很有用。
b. 你对什么东西过敏？
His computer is a big help to him.
We are not interested in playing tennis.
“就” (used before a noun to mean "only")
a. 他们班人不多， 就七个人。
c. 我们都不会说法文， 就他一个人会。
I have read two of the three books; only one more to read.
He is the only one in the Chinese class who can speak Japanese.
Reduplication of Verbs
Verbs can also be used in reduplication. Reduplication of a verb usually refers to an anticipated or requested action, and it makes the tone milder and more polite:
a. 请你看看， 我这样写对不对。
b. 明天你考完试， 我们好好（儿) 庆祝庆祝。
I couldn't find my Chinese book. Can you help me look for it?
Could I have a look at your new Chinese dictionary?
改错：
你想想看我买的新衣服吗？
我们去去看电影， 好吗？
Other functional phrases
起来
越来越
再说
刚/刚才