12:04:19 PM Avagene Moore:Welcome to the EIIP Virtual Library! ... 12:04:30 PM Avagene Moore:Before I introduce our guest today, would like to remind everyone of how we conduct our online sessions. ... 12:04:47 PM Avagene Moore:First part of our session is the presention by our speaker.... 12:05:01 PM Avagene Moore:latter part is Q&A with the audience..... 12:05:11 PM Avagene Moore:Our speaker will use slides to illustrate points in his paper. When a full URL is typed in the message area, it becomes a hot link; if you click on it, a webpage will display in another browser window. ... 12:05:21 PM Avagene Moore:After the presentation, we will have instructions for the Q&A part of our session. ... 12:05:34 PM Avagene Moore:One other reminder for any new audience members: There is a Direct Messaging feature in our software. Please do not send direct/private messages to our guest speaker or to the moderator during the formal session. ... 12:05:49 PM Avagene Moore:Online chatting requires full attention and the private messages are rather distracting. Please hold that type of message until we are through with the formal Virtual Library dialogue. ... 12:06:05 PM Avagene Moore:And now, it is my honor to introduce our guest author today, John C. Pine, Ed.D., Associate Professor, Institute for Environmental Studies, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana ... 12:06:13 PM John Pine:Just a few words before we get started. Thanks to Avagene for this opportunity to share the results of our study. 12:06:25 PM Avagene Moore:Not quite ready, John... 12:06:45 PM Avagene Moore:We are also pleased to have Erno Sajo, Associate Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Nuclear Science Center, LSU, with us today. ... 12:06:55 PM Avagene Moore:Dr. Sajo will be available for the Q&A part of our session but Dr. Pine will present the paper, ... 12:07:08 PM Avagene Moore:An Assessment of the Rail Transportation of Extremely Hazardous Substances for the Southern Mississippi River Corridors ... 12:07:18 PM Avagene Moore:Welcome John and Erno; John, I will turn the floor to you now. 12:07:24 PM John Pine:Our team from LSU included Dr. Erno Sajo, Nuclear Science and Ms. Rebecca East from our Institute. 12:07:45 PM John Pine:Without the help from all our team this study would not have been possible. 12:08:04 PM John Pine:I will mention others that helped with the study later in this presentation 12:08:16 PM John Pine:The areas along the Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and the Gulf of Mexico supports more than 100 chemical processing plants. These facilities transport chemicals and finished products along the highways, waterways, and railways. 12:08:31 PM John Pine:While most shipments pose no risk to the public, some hazardous substances pose a threat to the community in the event of a transportation accident. To prepare for an accidents, the Louisiana State Emergency Response Commission (SERC) and Local Emergency Preparedness Committees (LEPCs) in this corridor sponsored a joint hazards analysis. 12:08:46 PM John Pine:The study area centered on the industrial manufacturing corridor along the Mississippi River between Baton Rouge and New Orleans. We wanted to take a look at multiple jurisdictions because chemical risks are not isolated to a single jurisdiction but impacts a large region well beyond a single city or county. 12:09:32 PM John Pine:Emergency managers need information about the nature of these shipments and the potential impact of a release on the public and responders. 12:09:49 PM John Pine:Show Figure 1 12:09:51 PM Avagene Moore:http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/pine/jp1.htm 12:10:20 PM John Pine:We limited our analysis to Extremely Hazardous Substance (EHS) which present an immediate threat to health and safety in the event of a release. This means that relatively small quantities may cause significant immediate health effects upon inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact. 12:10:49 PM John Pine:By the way, the study area was quite large and included as you can see 12 parishes. 12:11:03 PM John Pine:Study Limitations: This analysis is not a probability study and does not provide information concerning the likelihood of an accident at a specific. The study does identify the EHS transported and the vulnerability zones for each chemical regardless of frequency of transport. 12:11:32 PM John Pine:The chemicals included in this study - EHS- are extremely hazardous substances. 12:11:46 PM John Pine:Our use of the term "vulnerability zone," is defined as the total area where any time following an accident the concentration of a given chemical meets or exceeds the level which is "Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health" (IDLH). 12:12:03 PM John Pine:Methodology: 1) data collection; 2) methods used in atmospheric dispersion modeling; 3) incident scenarios. 12:12:17 PM John Pine:1) Data Collection and Sources: We identified transported chemicals from both the facilities (the shipper) and rail carriers. Surveys of lists of EHS were sent to both shippers and carriers. 12:13:05 PM John Pine:Rebecca and Erno had quite a time in working with the rail carriers. The carriers were most cooperative and provided extensive information 12:13:21 PM John Pine:All railroad companies were surveyed although only two, Illinois Central and Union Pacific responded. Of the chemical facilities surveyed, 45 responded. 12:13:42 PM John Pine:Having the facilities and the carriers both participate was a key to obtaining data for our study. 12:14:00 PM John Pine:2) Dispersion Modeling Tools: We chose ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres, version 5.2.1) to model the atmospheric dispersion of the chemicals. Because of ALOHA's ease of use and widespread application by emergency planners and responders in Louisiana, we chose this computer model to perform our analysis. 12:14:31 PM John Pine:Some of you may wonder what other models we considered. If you have questions - raise them later. 12:14:43 PM John Pine:Show Table 1. 12:14:47 PM Avagene Moore:http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/pine/jp2.htm 12:15:14 PM John Pine:Erno did a great job in creating the weather considerations for this study. 12:15:25 PM John Pine:Selection of Meteorological Conditions: Five sets of representative meteorological conditions were selected. These weather conditions are shown in Table 1. These values represent averages of observed data in Louisiana's major metropolitan areas over the last decade. 12:15:50 PM John Pine:Show the two Rail Scenarios 12:15:54 PM Avagene Moore:http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/pine/jp3.htm 12:16:21 PM John Pine:I believe along with Erno that one of the main contributions of our study was the creating of the scenarios 12:16:36 PM John Pine:We did not do this alone but with the facilities and rail carriers. 12:16:54 PM John Pine:Our Findings: 12:17:15 PM John Pine:1. Characteristics of Extremely Hazardous Substances. 12:17:24 PM John Pine:Most of the EHS that are transported by rail are in liquid phase under ambient temperatures and pressures. Upon release, they may form a spreading and evaporating puddle, or they may become airborne as aerosol. 12:17:36 PM John Pine:Seven EHS are in gas phase but transported in liquefied form. These ultimately generated the largest vulnerability zones. 12:17:56 PM John Pine:Five of the listed substances are transported in solid phase. It is assumed that the release of solid material will have no off-site impact, unless there is a significant rate of sublimation. 12:18:04 PM John Pine:2. Vulnerability Zones. 12:18:13 PM John Pine:Specific distances of impact were measured in miles or yards using ALOHA for each EHS, accident scenario, and five different weather conditions. The specific area impacted by these releases were examined to determine if they could be grouped. 12:18:30 PM John Pine:The following describes the four vulnerability zones. They provide a means of clarifying the off site impact of a large number of EHS using multiple scenarios. 12:18:47 PM John Pine:A = less than 1 mile 12:19:12 PM John Pine:B = 1 mile to less than 3 miles. 12:19:25 PM John Pine:C = 3 miles to less than 6 miles. 12:19:35 PM John Pine:D = 6 miles and greater. 12:19:44 PM John Pine:Grouping the specific distance calculations into vulnerability zones makes it possible to examine many EHS in different weather conditions but not overwhelm the user by the data. 12:20:05 PM John Pine:Show table two. 12:20:23 PM John Pine:Tables 2 shows the vulnerability zones for those EHS transported by rail. It shows the results of our analysis for a six inch by 12 breach in a rail car. The results of a second scenario is shown in our paper which is available on this web site. 12:20:46 PM John Pine:As you can see - this is a lot of information - 12:21:18 PM John Pine:We needed some way to share extensive numbers of simulations but in an easy to read manner. 12:21:28 PM John Pine:We identified forty-six EHS as transported by rail on the Mississippi River corridor. A large number was anticipated since industry representatives stated that the cost of shipping by rail was significantly less than by motor carrier. 12:21:36 PM John Pine:Of the EHS shown in Table 2, no off site impact (NOI) was shown for several substances. For fifteen EHS (33%) the vulnerability zone was less than one mile (Vulnerability Zone "A"). 12:21:46 PM John Pine:We should noted that the ALOHA computer program requires information relating to the physical characteristics of the substance. If sufficient information is not available to ALOHA, a calculation can not be made. 12:21:59 PM John Pine:Sufficient information was not available from the Louisiana State University Chemistry Library or other chemistry reference sources for 14 substances. As a result, no risk zones were identified for these substances. 12:22:08 PM John Pine:Six EHS (13%) have a vulnerability zone of B or C (B = One mile or greater but less than three miles; C = Three miles or greater but less than six miles) 12:22:18 PM John Pine:Five of the EHS (11%) had the largest vulnerability zone of D (D= Six miles or greater) in at least one of the weather conditions used in this study. These included including Ammonia, Chlorine, Hydrogen Chloride, Hydrogen Cyanide, and Hydrogen Fluoride. 12:22:29 PM John Pine:3. The Weather Conditions Really Matter: One thing we observed in our study was that the substances which had the largest vulnerability zones were very sensitive to the different weather conditions. Let me explain. 12:22:55 PM John Pine:Each of these EHS had a D vulnerability zone in the calm atmosphere (low wind stability class F) but had zones of B, C, or D depending on the weather conditions and atmospheric stability classes used in the calculations. We thus saw that the weather conditions really affected the vulnerability zone for these substances. 12:23:04 PM Amy Sebring:http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/pine/jp4.htm 12:23:47 PM John Pine:I realize that the table is very busy - just imagine if we had used distances rather than zones. 12:23:57 PM John Pine:4. Populations at Risk. 12:24:23 PM John Pine:Show Table 4. 12:24:32 PM John Pine:Table 4, "Population Estimates by Vulnerability Zone for Rail Lines on the Mississippi River Corridor," shows that the rail vulnerability zone affects a large number of people in the Mississippi River Corridor. 12:24:46 PM John Pine:To calculate the number of people vulnerable to a release, we used the 1990 Census Bureau data for Block Groups. A large number of people could be impacted by a potential release since rail lines are along both the eastern and western sides of the Mississippi and run through both New Orleans and Baton Rouge. 12:25:03 PM John Pine:Show Figure 2: Map of the Vulnerability Zones. 12:25:08 PM Ava Moore:http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/pine/jp5.htm 12:25:26 PM John Pine:The map shows the entire Mississippi Corridor from Baton Rouge to New Orleans. 12:25:46 PM John Pine:A second picture will show a closer view of Baton Rouge. 12:25:52 PM Ava Moore:http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/pine/jp6.htm 12:26:04 PM John Pine:Figure 3 shows a closer view of the Baton Rouge area. Since rail lines run through the city, the entire metropolitan area could be included in one of the risk zones. The same affect is also present in New Orleans. 12:26:12 PM John Pine:Show Figure 3 of Baton Rouge. 12:26:18 PM Ava Moore:http://www.emforum.org/vlibrary/pine/jp7.htm (This map is larger and will require more time to load.) 12:26:52 PM John Pine:Conclusions. 12:27:04 PM John Pine:1. Characteristics of Extremely Hazardous Substances. 12:27:15 PM John Pine:Most of the transported chemicals (28) identified in this study are in liquid phase under ambient temperatures and pressures. Upon release they will form a spreading and evaporating puddle and have a limited off site impact. 12:27:25 PM John Pine:Five EHS are in gas phase under ambient temperatures and pressures but are transported in liquefied form. Release of liquefied gas has higher potential to produce long vulnerability zones. 12:27:37 PM John Pine:Emergency responders should examine these vulnerability zones and identify high risk areas that are more vulnerable an accidental release. Emergency plans could procedures for notification of critical population, traffic routing, and evacuation considerations. 12:27:50 PM John Pine:2. Weather Conditions. 12:27:59 PM John Pine:Weather conditions are a critical factor in chemical dispersion. An examination of the tables listing the vulnerability zones by chemicals and by meteorological conditions may yield the determination that the apparent worst-case meteorological condition is a nighttime low-wind atmosphere. 12:28:10 PM John Pine:This observation, however, is false and it may lead to the wrong decision if applied generally, without regard of the chemical involved in the accident. 12:28:23 PM John Pine:The dispersion properties of a substance depend not only on the current meteorological conditions, but also on the chemical's physical properties in relation to the ambient conditions, and on the way the chemical is released into the environment as well. 12:28:38 PM John Pine:3. Uncertainties. 12:28:50 PM John Pine:The vulnerability zones summarized in this study are loaded with various uncertainties ranging from inherent model limitations to errors introduced by the input data (tank sizes, fill densities, storage temperatures, release scenarios, assumed ground roughness, and the standard deviation of the historic weather data). 12:28:59 PM John Pine:Because of theses uncertainties, the computed vulnerability zones are not reported in terms of exact distances, but are grouped into zones. 12:29:10 PM John Pine:4. Value of Multiple Jurisdictional Analysis. 12:29:19 PM John Pine:This analysis examines a large geographic area that is heavily involved in chemical processing. The data collected from one jurisdiction is of vital importance to others in the area. 12:29:30 PM John Pine:The project team thus encourages other local jurisdictions to collaborate in studies examining transportation risks for their area. 12:29:39 PM John Pine:In addition, data collected from manufacturing centers such as the Mississippi River corridor will be valuable information to neighboring jurisdictions. The tank cars may run through their areas. 12:29:49 PM John Pine:5. Value of Multiple Stakeholders in the Assessment of Transportation Risks. 12:30:00 PM John Pine:Many organizations contributed to this analysis. Their involvement and support made obtaining information easier and they understood what we were trying to accomplish. 12:30:10 PM John Pine:Future studies should include state and local emergency management agencies, chemical processors, transporters, and state associations. Their involvement in hazards analysis enhances awareness of transportation related risks and encourages discussion on strategies to improve planning, response, and the prevention of incidents. 12:30:28 PM John Pine:At this point, we would like to encourage questions and comments. 12:30:33 PM Ava Moore:Thank you, John. Before we open to Q&A ... 12:30:45 PM Ava Moore:To keep order during the Q&A, please type in a question mark (?) to indicate you have a question for John or Erno; type up your question while you wait to be recognized. ... 12:31:00 PM Darryl E Parker TFT:? 12:31:01 PM cindy rice:? 12:31:07 PM Ava Moore:When you are recognized... 12:31:20 PM Ava Moore:send your question. If we run out of time and your question is not addressed, we will have a few minutes after the formal Virtual Library session when we will all move to the Virtual Forum. You can ask your question then. ... 12:31:33 PM Ava Moore:Darryl, your question please. 12:31:40 PM Darryl E Parker TFT:How do rail companies notify emergency management agencies and, in turn, the public in general? 12:32:11 PM John Pine:In the case of a release - they notify our state hot line - Louisiana State Police. 12:32:23 PM John Pine:The state police then notify the parish. 12:32:29 PM Ava Moore:Cindy. 12:32:32 PM cindy rice:You mentioned ALOHA what other models did you use (perhaps OWLS dealing with modeling watershed and affect on the water table or was it air plume modeing only 12:32:44 PM John Pine:Erno - would you like to comment. 12:33:02 PM Erno Sajo:Our concern was air plume modeling 12:33:16 PM cindy rice:? 12:33:25 PM Ava Moore:Cindy. 12:33:51 PM Erno Sajo:In other release scenarios, barge, water modeling may become important 12:33:56 PM cindy rice:Did you use Cameo information and was the mustard gas the military chemical agent which is actually liquid? 12:34:13 PM John Pine:Erno. 12:34:25 PM Erno Sajo:Mustard gas is very difficult to get information on 12:34:46 PM Kevin Farrell: 12:34:52 PM Erno Sajo:One of the difficulties was that important physical parameters of some EHS are not known. 12:35:07 PM Ava Moore:Kevin. 12:35:10 PM Kevin Farrell:Mustard is one of the chemicals in the CAMEO database... 12:35:12 PM John Pine:To Erno's credit. We found that Aloha did not have the background informatin for most of the EHS. He did extensive research to find the information required by ALOHA. 12:35:17 PM Kevin Farrell:the info is there 12:35:34 PM Ava Moore:Other questions? 12:35:43 PM Amy Sebring:? 12:35:46 PM Ava Moore:Amy. 12:35:50 PM cindy rice:? 12:36:03 PM Amy Sebring:Dr. Pine, you seem to be advocating data sharing between jurisdictions... 12:36:16 PM Erno Sajo:Cameo does not contain some of the information necessary to run a proper model when aerosol dispersion is involved 12:36:17 PM Amy Sebring:do you have any suggested framework for doing so? 12:36:28 PM Kevin Farrell:true 12:36:30 PM John Pine:Absolutely. The problems are far more complex than a single jurisdiction. 12:37:04 PM John Pine:One additional comment on how others could use our study. 12:37:21 PM John Pine:The accident scenarios developed can be used anywhere in the U.S. 12:37:42 PM John Pine:Our weather conditions along the Gulf Coast could be used in Texas, Mississippi etc. 12:37:49 PM John Pine:But not in Wyoming. 12:38:05 PM Ava Moore:John, per Amy's question ---- do you have a suggested framework for sharing info? 12:38:27 PM John Pine:Posting the results such as our study is one step. 12:38:38 PM Amy Sebring:? 12:38:41 PM Ava Moore:Cindy, your question, please. 12:38:45 PM cindy rice:I am wondering did you take into account the affect of fog (water vapor mixing with the chemical) and dispersment and contamination based on that? and with the possibility of fog rising and moving the plume further than anticipated (or am I off base?)? 12:38:47 PM John Pine:Larger study areas - including multi state efforts would be very helpful. 12:38:51 PM Kevin Farrell:?http://www.firenet.apg.army.mil/FDdata/Training/CAM 12:39:12 PM John Pine:Erno - would you like to comment. 12:39:38 PM Erno Sajo:Aerosol dispersion was taken into account 12:39:56 PM Rick Tobin:(?) 12:40:01 PM Erno Sajo:Fog formation with ambient moisture was not 12:40:14 PM Ava Moore:Amy, you have another question -- go ahead, please. 12:40:18 PM Amy Sebring:How are Lepc's organized in that area, and have you presented your findings to any? 12:40:37 PM cindy rice:? 12:40:42 PM John Pine:Erno and I made presentations to the entire group of emergency managers. 12:40:59 PM John Pine:Follow up sessions were held by the LEPCs to discuss issues in their area. 12:41:06 PM Ava Moore:Rick, your question is next. 12:41:09 PM Rick Tobin:This information could be useful in some chemical terrorism scenarios, as well. It might give community first-responders a reality check. 12:41:21 PM Rick Tobin:Has that been considered? 12:41:22 PM Amy Sebring:? 12:41:36 PM John Pine:By the way. This study is also available from our Web site at lsu http://risk.lsu.edu 12:41:50 PM Erno Sajo:Note that fog formation and subsequent dispersion is very difficult to handle and ALOHA is not equiped to do that 12:41:59 PM John Pine:Let me make a comment on our future work. 12:42:20 PM John Pine:We plan on analyzing the five to seven chemicals that exceeded the limits of Aloha. 12:42:49 PM John Pine:In addition, we are examining the population characteristics of both urban and rural residents from exposure to accidents. 12:43:15 PM Ava Moore:Cindy's question is next. 12:43:18 PM cindy rice:Is any of this info going to the HazMat Team(s) which may service this area? and did any of them give input or provide any info for this study? 12:43:46 PM John Pine:The State Police contact is the head of our statewide haz - mat team. 12:43:59 PM John Pine:The local haz mat teams were provided the informatin. 12:44:11 PM cindy rice:? 12:44:16 PM Ava Moore:Amy, please. 12:44:21 PM Amy Sebring:What kind of response/reaction did you get from emergency managers and LEPC's? 12:44:31 PM John Pine:I am interested in the reaction of our participants in our use of risk zones rather than just distances. 12:45:08 PM John Pine:Emergency managers in the area were surprised in the number of chemicals shipped through their communities - they thought there would be more. 12:45:45 PM John Pine:In addition, most of the chemicals had a risk zone of "a" less than one mile. This surprised most readers and LEPC members. 12:45:52 PM Ava Moore:Cindy, please ask your question. 12:45:55 PM John Pine:Erno. your comments. 12:46:00 PM Erno Sajo:Kevin Farrel mentioned that data is available for mustard gas. Cameo's database was found insufficient. 12:46:08 PM cindy rice:Were the maps USGS dlg maps or some other kind? 12:46:17 PM Amy Sebring:? 12:46:21 PM John Pine:I am so glad you asked about maps. 12:46:53 PM John Pine:Yes - USGS 1:250,000 - we have these on line for use in our state. See http://atlas.lsu.edu 12:47:09 PM John Pine:All of our parishes use CAMEO plus Aloha, Marplot and ArcView. 12:47:24 PM Ava Moore:Your question, Amy. 12:47:27 PM Amy Sebring:Does your statewide HazMat team respond in rural jursidictions? 12:47:36 PM John Pine:Everywhere in the state. 12:47:49 PM John Pine:They have aircraft and choppers. 12:48:07 PM John Pine:In addition, the regional offices of the state police have haz mat capability. 12:48:20 PM Ava Moore:Other questions for John and/or Erno? 12:48:53 PM Kevin Farrell:http://www.apgea.army.mil/RDA/erdec/risk/safety/msds/ 12:48:59 PM Ava Moore:If I might make a comment .... 12:49:26 PM Kevin Farrell:sorry Ava... 12:49:42 PM Ava Moore:John, Erno, did you work with the state association, LEPA? I have always heard such good things about that group because they are so progressive and inclusive. 12:50:28 PM John Pine:Members of the study area are very active in our state emergency management association. But they were not directly involved. 12:50:32 PM Amy Sebring:http://www.apgea.army.mil/RDA/erdec/risk/safety/msds/hd1.html (mustard gas) 12:50:56 PM John Pine:They would be an excellent group to help share information on studies such as this. 12:51:11 PM Ava Moore:They epitomize the outreach and liaison needed by and between all disciplines involved in emergency management. 12:51:29 PM John Pine:By the way - the study go extensive coverage in the local and national press including the New York Times. 12:51:33 PM Ava Moore:Other questions? Thanks for the URLs Kevin and Amy. 12:51:42 PM Kevin Farrell:? 12:51:45 PM cindy rice:I? 12:51:47 PM Ava Moore:Kevin. 12:52:10 PM Kevin Farrell:If anyone is involved in CAMEO/ALOHA training, we've developed scenarios you can use 12:52:14 PM Kevin Farrell:http://www.firenet.apg.army.mil/FDdata/Training/CAMEOscenario s.html 12:52:19 PM Erno Sajo:Thanks for the link pertaining to mustard gas. Unfortunately it still does not list viscosity data, but more than I have been able to find elswhere 12:52:30 PM Ava Moore:Then Cindy. (will be time to close after those questions) 12:52:34 PM Rick Tobin:(?) 12:52:38 PM John Pine:Thanks for the scenarios - I do a good bit of traning in this area. 12:52:57 PM Kevin Farrell:your welcome 2x 12:53:05 PM Ava Moore:Cindy, your question. 12:53:29 PM cindy rice:Are other studies involding several different types of models (air plume, water table/shed contamination, soil contamination) in the works and can we help /input/or other to make a more complete project/detailed study? 12:54:08 PM Erno Sajo:Are the data listed on that site traceable to a reference? 12:54:10 PM cindy rice:EXamples were the different info on mustard links you've already been provided today. 12:54:22 PM John Pine:We are in the process of designing a study involving flooding and spill scenarios. 12:54:48 PM cindy rice: 12:54:55 PM John Pine:As you can see, we limited our analysis to EHS and their impact. 12:55:03 PM Ava Moore:Thank you, John, for your presentation. Erno, we appreciate your participation also. ... 12:55:21 PM Ava Moore:(Cindy, please hold your comment for a moment).. 12:55:28 PM John Pine:Thank you for the opportunity. By the way my email address is jpine@lsu.edu 12:55:32 PM Ava Moore:As always, our audience is very important; thanks to each of you. .... 12:55:43 PM Ava Moore:Next week, we hope you will join us for the Round Table on Tuesday, 1:00 PM EDT .... 12:55:53 PM Ava Moore:Next Wednesday, September 9, 12:00 Noon EDT, the Virtual Classroom speaker will be Dr Mary Ann Rollans, University of Arkansas .... 12:56:06 PM Ava Moore:Dr Rollans will discuss her university's emergency management degree progam. Join us for all our online interactive sessions. .... 12:56:20 PM Ava Moore:And now... 12:56:36 PM Ava Moore:t is time to close the Virtual Library today; please join us in the Virtual Forum for a few moments to express our thanks to our special guests today from LSU. ... 12:56:42 PM Erno Sajo:Thanks for the opportunity to be here 12:57:03 PM Ava Moore:Please join us in the Virtual Forum for a few moments. Thanks John and Erno!