The following items were drawn from Chapters 6,7,8,10, and 11 of
Inciardi’s text. Exam II, will consist of these 70 items in multiple-choice
form plus 30 True-False items drawn from lectures and reading assignments.
The
study guide is not intended as a substitute for careful reading
of the assigned chapters. Rather, it is to be used as a tool for focusing
study. Please do not contact the instructor or teaching assistants for “answers”
to specific items.
1. ___________ represent(s) the largest and most visible segment
of the criminal justice system.
2. Structurally, law enforcement in the United States has the
characteristic of
3. The ___________ system organized the community into tithings, hundreds,
and shires.
4. ___________ can be credited with laying the foundation for the first
modern police force.
5. Federal law enforcement agencies are structured to
6. The Border Patrol is part of the
7. State police agencies emerged in response to
8. Congress opposed the creation of the FBI because
9. During the 1960s, a major focus of the FBI was
10. Most police work involves
11. Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI) data suggests that the largest proportion of police arrest activity
relates to such crimes as
12. At the apex of the police
peacekeeping role is
13. "Strategic lenience" refers to
14. A police "coop" is a
location
15. Which of the following is true about police regulations?
16. ____________ is the most basic aspect of police work.
17. For more than a century, the
"cop on the beat" was the very symbol of policing in America.
Beginning with the 1930s, however, police foot patrols began to disappear.
Today, these patrols
18. In a study conducted by the Police Foundation in 1972-73,
three different levels of preventive patrol in Kansas City were closely
compared. "Normal" patrols involved a single car cruising the streets
when not responding to calls; "proactive" patrols involved doubling
or tripling the number of cruising cars; "reactive" patrols involved
eliminating police cruisers altogether, with police entering the areas
designated for study only in response to specific requests. The results of the
Kansas City experiment showed that
19. Which of the following is most true of detectives?
20. Detectives find most crimes difficult to solve because
21. "Reclassification," in detective terminology,
involves the
22. The arrest powers of police include
23. The Fourth Amendment protects citizens from
24. As a result of the Supreme Court's
decision in Aguilar v. Texas (1964) and Spinelli v. United
States (1969),
25. The common law rule of arrest
26. The issue in Terry v. Ohio
was the legal status of
27. The final decision in Terry v. Ohio held that
28. The ____________ held that an
automobile or other vehicle may, upon probable cause, be searched without a
warrant even though in a given situation there might be time to obtain one.
29. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in ____________ that police may
not randomly stop motorists without probable cause to suspect crime or illegal
activity, to check their driver's license and registration.
30. The Supreme Court's ruling in Delaware v. Prouse
held that the actions of the arresting officer were violative of Prouse's
____________ Amendment rights.
31. Although warrantless search of a premises is limited by Fourth
Amendment interpretations, it is permitted, under certain conditions, when
32. The Fourth Amendment does not protect persons against
searches and seizures by
33. Harris v. United States established the
34. According to the "plain view" doctrine,
35. The exclusionary rule was established in federal cases with
36. The exclusionary rule was extended
to the states in
37. The significance of Chimel v. California was
that it
38. Involuntary confessions are
prohibited by the ____________ Amendment.
39. The forced confessions in Brown
v. Mississippi were treated by the Supreme Court as a(n) ____________
Amendment issue.
40. The decision in Escobedo v.
Illinois held that
41. The "Christian burial
speech" in the case of ____________ was found to be in violation of the
Fifth Amendment.
42. The notion of a dual court system
refers to the distinction between
43. The mixture of name, functions,
and types that characterize state court structures seems to have resulted from
the fact that
44. The lowest level courts in the
state court structure are the courts of ____________ jurisdiction.
45. Courts of limited jurisdiction are
the entry point for
46. Courts of general jurisdiction
47. The most neglected of the state
courts seem to be those of ____________ jurisdiction.
48. The trial ____________ is a new
trial, on appeal from a lower court to a court of general jurisdiction.
49. Trial courts are "courts of
record" because
50. The most pressing issue in court
reform is
51. Currently in the federal
judiciary, the U.S. commissioners
52. The U.S. district courts are the
federal courts of ____________ jurisdiction.
53. A case heard en banc
54. The U.S. Supreme Court was created
by the
55. The full establishment of Supreme
Court power occurred as the result of its decision in
56. A writ of ____________ is a
command to perform a certain duty.
57. A case is granted review by the
U.S. Supreme Court through the issuance of a writ of
58. Although the U.S. Supreme Court
has discretion in deciding which cases it will review, it must grant
jurisdiction when
59. Which of the following is not a function of trial
judges?
60. The ____________ is the top law
enforcement authority of a community.
61. At the most general level, the
responsibilities of the prosecutor include enforcing the law and
62. At which stage of the criminal
justice process has the prosecutor no particular role?
63. Who plays the major role in the
plea bargaining process?
64. Which of the following is not
true of plea bargaining?
65. A defense attorney's most
intensive efforts for the accused occur
66. Criminal law is a field that
67. In the "lawyerÄclient
confidence game" described by Abraham S. Blumberg, the defense attorney
works not only for the client, but also for the
68. The case of the ____________
reached the U.S. Supreme Court in Powell v. Alabama.
69. The decision in ____________ held
that, in the words of Justice Hugo Black, "any person hailed into court
(in felony cases), who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair
trial unless counsel is provided for him."
70. Argersinger v. Hamlin,
decided in 1972 by a unanimous vote, held that