How to use this study guide:
Exam I will cover chapter 1,2,4,5 of
the Inciardi text and class lectures. The 70 statements below are
similar to
statements that will appear as multiple choice questions on the exam. You
should:
·
Read over the statements to familiarize
yourself of the main points to be covered on the exam.
·
Read each assigned chapter carefully, making note
of areas covered by the statements below.
·
Rather than using the statements as specific
items to look up the answers to, think of them as general statements that
should alert you to areas to be covered in your reading and thinking.
The Exam will additionally include 30
True/False statements drawn directly from class lectures and assigned readings.
Please do not contact
the instructor with questions as to the answers to the statements
below.
1. Which
American president launched the "war on crime"?
2. Which of
the following was not an element of the "war on crime"
outlined in 1965 by the president in his message to the 89th Congress?
3. The
recommendations of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and
Administration of Justice were disappointing because
4. Those
scholars who had spent their life studying crime were acutely disappointed with
the President's suggestion that poverty was one of the most important causes of
crime and therefore should be a target of the "war on crime." Why?
5. The
President's "war on crime" resulted in the passage in 1968 of a major
piece of federal legislation. What was it?
6. Which
federal agency was created to lead the "war on crime"?
7. Of the
following, which was the purpose of the LEAA?
8. The main criticism targeted against the
LEAA was that it
9. The LEAA
was most effective in
10. Criminal
justice refers to
11. Natural
law is best described as
12.
Differing conceptions of natural law have
13. Which of
the following crimes at least implies that there may be some sort of
natural law?
14. American
criminal law is based on
15. Which of
the following definitions of crime offered by lawyer and sociologist Paul W.
Tappan is the accepted definition in the text?
16. Which phrase most accurately refers to
criminal intent?
17. Case law
is law that
18. The
examination of the evolution of natural law conducted by criminologist Hermann
Mannheim concluded that
19. A ruling
handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court would be an example of
20. Common
law refers to
21.
_____________ as a defense against crime, involves "any erroneous
conviction of fact or circumstance resulting in some act that would not
otherwise have been undertaken."
22. Which of
the following would be considered a "consentable crime"?
23. Which of
the following can be used as a defense against crime?
24. The
shooting of an armed robber by a police officer would generally be called
25.
__________ is considered a mala in se crime.
26. At the
basis of the mala in se-mala prohibita distinction is
27. The
scheduling of drugs by the Drug Enforcement Administration is an example of
28. The
__________ represents an exception to the requirement that criminal intent must
be present for an act to be a crime.
29.
Fifteen-year-old Mary Jones, despite her tender age, has the appearance of an
attractive, seductive, experienced young woman. On her first date with
23-year-old Fred Bates, she produces proof of her age so they can drink at the
local pub. Later that evening Mary seduces Fred into making love. Nine months
later, after she has given birth to an 8-pound girl, Mary's parents petition to
press a statutory rape charge against Fred. Fred is guilty of
30. Which of
the following statements regarding crime and deviance is false?
31. As early
as 1932, J. Edgar Hoover was boasting in his congressional testimony that the
purpose of the Uniform Crime Reports was to
32. Which of
the following statements is inaccurate regarding the Uniform Crime
Reports?
33. The Uniform
Crime Reports are based on
34. Congress
authorized the _________ to collect and compile data for the Uniform Crime
Reports.
35. Which of
the following is not a Uniform Crime Report Part I offense?
36.
"Crime clocks" in the Uniform Crime Reports should be viewed
with caution because
37. Which
one of the following is not a Uniform Crime Report Part II offense?
38. The sum
of all Part I offenses in the Uniform Crime Reports during a given
period of time is known as the
39.
Generally speaking, how do the UCR estimates of the volume of annual
rates of crime compare to the actual frequencies of such occurrences?
40. UCR
estimates are most accurate in the area of
41. Which of
the following factors is most likely to contribute to the unreliability of the
estimates of crime indicated in the UCR?
42. Police
agencies may overreport the number of crimes in their jurisdiction because
43. Errors
in the UCR
44. By
examining UCR figures within the perspective of rates and proportions, as
opposed to absolute numbers, we can eliminate a degree of bias. When this is
done, which of the following can be estimated from UCR data?
45.
Victimization survey interviewers contact households, asking whether the person
questioned, or any member of his or her household
46.
Victimization surveys have demonstrated that
47.
According to the National Crime Survey (NCS), the major reason why
victims did not report crimes to the police was because they
48. What has
been the chief contribution of victimization surveys?
49. Which of
the following is the greatest weakness or problem with victimization studies?
50.
____________ are perhaps the best way of determining the extent of crime in
typically noncriminal populations.
51. Under
the _________ system, "justice" became manifest when some form of
divine intervention spared the accused from pain, suffering, and death, or when
the accused readily admitted his or her guilt.
52. The
inquisitorial system of justice was characterized by
53. Under
the modern _________ system of justice, all persons are obliged to cooperate
with the court in its quest for truth.
54. In the
___________ court, the judge is an impartial arbiter between the prosecution
and the defense.
55. In which
amendment(s) to the Constitution of the United States can we find the "due
process" clause?
56. During
the Middle Ages, due process included _________ as a means of ascertaining
guilt.
57.
___________ was the author of the Bill of Rights.
58. Which of
the following was the major significance of the Bill of Rights?
59.
Substantive due process refers to
60. In
general, which of the following is not a matter of procedural due process?
61.
_________ is the act of taking a person into custody.
62. Who of
the following has the authority to issue an arrest warrant?
63. What
level of proof or knowledge of a crime and its possible perpetrator must a
police officer have before he or she is authorized to make an arrest?
64.
Fingerprinting generally occurs at the point of
65. Formal
notice of the charge is given at the
66. A plea
is entered at the
67. The
purpose of the preliminary hearing is to
68. An
"information" is filed by a
69. Nob
contendere is
70. Posttrial
motions are instituted by the defense only if the accused is