CRJU110 Introduction to Criminal Justice
The
following 75 items are drawn from chapters 12, 13, and 15. Fifty of them will
appear on exam III. The exam will additionally include 15 T/F items each from
exams I and II along with 20 T/F items drawn from lectures since exam II.
1.The prohibition against excessive bail is
guaranteed by the ____________ Amendment.
2.The Judiciary Act of 1789 extended the right
to bail to all
3.The Supreme Court's position on the right to
bail has remained essentially the same over the years because
4.Which of the following is generally not a
consideration in bail setting?
5.Bail most commonly occurs through the use of
6.Research has demonstrated that persons unable
to make bail are more likely to ____________ than persons receiving pretrial
release.
7.The use of bail as a mechanism for punishing
defendants is an abuse of
8.Follow-up studies of release on recognizance
programs have demonstrated that
9.A capias is
10.
The information is a charging document filed
by the
11.
The indictment is a charging document based
on
12.
A grand jury does not
13.
The "true bill" represents a grand
jury's
14.
A ____________ vote is required for a
"true bill."
15.
____________ immunity prohibits the
government from using a witness's compelled testimony at a grand jury hearing
in a subsequent criminal proceeding.
16.
Transactional immunity in the grand jury
setting
17.
When a grand jury exercises its ____________,
witnesses who refuse to testify may be jailed.
18.
Refusing to enter a plea results in a plea of
19.
The plea of nolo contendere has its
advantages over a guilty plea because it
20.
"Statutes of limitations" appear in
the codes of all state jurisdictions, and their purpose is to
21.
The protection against double jeopardy is
guaranteed by the ____________ Amendment.
22.
A ____________ is a formal request to the
court for some action, such as an order or rule.
23.
By far, the most common pretrial motions are
those of
24.
In the ____________ , an objection to a
prospective juror can be made and no legal reason for doing so need be
assigned.
25.
Relevant evidence refers to that which
26.
____________ seeks to make the punishment fit
the crime.
27.
The statement "you are to be hanged not
because you have stolen a sheep but in order that others may not steal
sheep" is an example of the ____________ philosophy of punishment.
28.
The "just deserts" philosophy of
punishment
29.
Rehabilitation philosophy is based on the
idea that
30.
General deterrence seeks to
31.
The historic "$30 or 30 days"
sentence
32.
A sentence of 7 1/2 to 15 years is an example
of a(n) ____________ sentence.
33.
Fines calculated as multiples of an
offender's daily income are referred to as ____________ fines.
34.
Presentence investigations
35.
____________ is the period of detention
served prior to sentencing.
36.
The ____________ Amendment bans cruel and
unusual punishment.
37.
When the framers of the Constitution
incorporated the ban against cruel and unusual punishment into the Bill of
Rights, what they probably had in mind was
38.
The extensive use of the death penalty in
America is likely explained, at least in part, by
39.
____________ was the first case in which the
Supreme Court struck down a sentence as being "cruel and unusual."
40.
In Weems v. United States, the
Supreme Court examined the issue of
41.
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, which
organization was most significant in waging a war against the death penalty?
42.
In McGautha v. California, the
Supreme Court set back the movement to abolish capital punishment when it ruled
that
43.
In ____________, the High Court held that
statutes that leave arbitrary and discriminatory discretion to juries in
imposing death sentences violate the Eighth Amendment ban on cruel and unusual
punishment.
44.
The first person to be executed in the post-Furman
era was
45.
For inmates sentenced to death under federal
statutes, the method of execution is
46.
The ____________ argument for capital
punishment asserts that "the kidnapper, the murderer, and the rapist, as
vile and despicable human beings, deserve to die."
47.
Those in favor of capital punishment argue
that its use will deter others from committing capital crimes. Given the
extensive research and commentary on this argument, it can be concluded that
48.
The Supreme Court struck down a state statute
that mandated the death penalty for first degree murder in
49.
The denial of the right to counsel at trial
would allow an appeal under the ____________ rule.
50.
The ____________ doctrine holds that a denial
of a federal constitutional right can at times be of insufficient magnitude to
require a reversal of a conviction on appeal.
51.
"Total institutions" are places that
52.
____________ house the most serious of offenders and are
characterized by double and triple security patterns.
53.
____________
prisons generally operate without armed guards, walls, or perimeter fences.
54.
Which
of the following is an incorrect statement regarding contemporary prison
administration?
55.
Because of the lack of means to carry out their custodial duties,
most prison guards
56.
. ____________ is a process through which the
educational, vocational, treatment, and custodial needs of the offender are
determined.
57.
The earliest forms of inmate classification
included separating
58.
Contemporary inmate classification schemes focus on
59.
In
prison academic education programs, the emphasis is on
60.
Which
of the following are typically viewed as the primary rehabilitative tools a
correctional institution has to offer?
61.
The
therapeutic community is a
62.
Any
item that is not issued or authorized in a prison is known as
63.
The
major rule violations that occur in prisons and result in disciplinary hearings
involve
64.
As
noted in the text, the vast majority of correctional institutions for women
only offer vocational training in "female-dominated" occupations.
This is problematic for many women inmates because
65.
Our
limited experience with coeducational prisons suggests that
66.
The
primary task of prisons is
67.
"Prisonization" refers to the process whereby an inmate
learns
68.
Donald Clemmer's study of the prison community suggests that
prisonization
69.
Observations in prisons and the underworld suggest that the inmate
code
70.
The
Martinson report on the effectiveness of correctional treatment
71.
Protective custody units (PCUs) are designed to house offenders
72.
Most
wardens and other prison administrators today are
73.
A
Delaware study of same-gender sexual contacts reported that
74.
Most
prison inmates were sentenced for ____________ offenses.
75.
Alternatives
to incarceration for women offenders are being devised because of
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