Introduction to Criminal Justice Study Guide

 

Exam I  

 

 

 

How to use this study guide:

 

Exam I will cover chapter 1,2,4,5 of the Inciardi text and class lectures. The 70 statements below are the statements that will appear as multiple choice questions on the exam. You should:

·        Read over the statements to familiarize yourself of the main points to be covered on the exam.

·        Read each assigned chapter carefully, making note of areas covered by the statements below.

·        Rather than using the statements as specific items to look up the answers to, think of them as general statements that should alert you to areas to be covered in your reading and thinking.

 

The Exam will additionally include 30 True/False statements drawn directly from class lectures and assigned readings.

 

Please do not contact the instructor with questions as to the answers to the statements below.

 

 


 

1. Which of the following is an incorrect statement?

 

2. Which of the following was not an element of the "war on crime" outlined in 1965 by the president in his message to the 89th Congress?

 

3. The recommendations of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice were disappointing because

 

4. Those scholars who had spent their life studying crime were acutely disappointed with the President's suggestion that poverty was one of the most important causes of crime and therefore should be a target of the "war on crime." Why?

 

5. The President's "war on crime" resulted in the passage in 1968 of a major piece of federal legislation. What was it?

 

6. Which federal agency was created to lead the "war on crime"?

 

7. Of the following, which was the purpose of the LEAA?

 

8. The main criticism targeted against the LEAA was that it

 

9. The LEAA was most effective in

 

10. Criminal justice refers to

 

11. Natural law is best described as

 

12. Differing conceptions of natural law have

 

13. Which of the following crimes at least implies that there may be some sort of natural law?

 

14. American criminal law is based on

 

15. Which of the following definitions of crime offered by lawyer and sociologist Paul W. Tappan is the accepted definition in the text?

 

16. Which phrase most accurately refers to criminal intent?

 

17. Case law is law that

 

18. The examination of the evolution of natural law conducted by criminologist Hermann Mannheim concluded that

 

19. A ruling handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court would be an example of

 

20. Common law refers to

 

21. _____________ as a defense against crime, involves "any erroneous conviction of fact or circumstance resulting in some act that would not otherwise have been undertaken."

 

22. Which of the following would be considered a "consentable crime"?

 

23. Which of the following can be used as a defense against crime?

 

24. The shooting of an armed robber by a police officer would generally be called

 

25. __________ is considered a mala in se crime.

 

 

26. At the basis of the mala in se-mala prohibita distinction is

 

27. The scheduling of drugs by the Drug Enforcement Administration is an example of

 

28. The __________ represents an exception to the requirement that criminal intent must be present for an act to be a crime.

 

29. Fifteen-year-old Mary Jones, despite her tender age, has the appearance of an attractive, seductive, experienced young woman. On her first date with 23-year-old Fred Bates, she produces proof of her age so they can drink at the local pub. Later that evening Mary seduces Fred into making love. Nine months later, after she has given birth to an 8-pound girl, Mary's parents petition to press a statutory rape charge against Fred. Fred is guilty of

 

30. Which of the following statements regarding crime and deviance is false?

 

 

31. As early as 1932, J. Edgar Hoover was boasting in his congressional testimony that the purpose of the Uniform Crime Reports was to

 

32. Which of the following statements is inaccurate regarding the Uniform Crime Reports?

 

33. The Uniform Crime Reports are based on

 

34. Congress authorized the _________ to collect and compile data for the Uniform Crime Reports.

 

35. Which of the following is not a Uniform Crime Report Part I offense?

 

36. "Crime clocks" in the Uniform Crime Reports should be viewed with caution because

 

37. Which one of the following is not a Uniform Crime Report Part II offense?

 

38. The sum of all Part I offenses in the Uniform Crime Reports during a given period of time is known as the

 

 

39. Generally speaking, how do the UCR estimates of the volume of annual rates of crime compare to the actual frequencies of such occurrences?

 

40. UCR estimates are most accurate in the area of

 

41. Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to the unreliability of the estimates of crime indicated in the UCR?

 

42. Police agencies may overreport the number of crimes in their jurisdiction because

 

43. Errors in the UCR

 

44. By examining UCR figures within the perspective of rates and proportions, as opposed to absolute numbers, we can eliminate a degree of bias. When this is done, which of the following can be estimated from UCR data?

 

45. Victimization survey interviewers contact households, asking whether the person questioned, or any member of his or her household

 

46. Victimization surveys have demonstrated that

 

47. According to the National Crime Survey (NCS), the major reason why victims did not report crimes to the police was because they

 

48. What has been the chief contribution of victimization surveys?

 

49. Which of the following is the greatest weakness or problem with victimization studies?

 

50. ____________ are perhaps the best way of determining the extent of crime in typically noncriminal populations.

 

51. Under the _________ system, "justice" became manifest when some form of divine intervention spared the accused from pain, suffering, and death, or when the accused readily admitted his or her guilt.

 

52. The inquisitorial system of justice was characterized by

 

53. Under the modern _________ system of justice, all persons are obliged to cooperate with the court in its quest for truth.

 

54. In the ___________ court, the judge is an impartial arbiter between the prosecution and the defense.

 

 

55. In which amendment(s) to the Constitution of the United States can we find the "due process" clause?

 

56. During the Middle Ages, due process included _________ as a means of ascertaining guilt.

 

57. ___________ was the author of the Bill of Rights.

 

58. Which of the following was the major significance of the Bill of Rights?

 

59. Substantive due process refers to

 

60. In general, which of the following is not a matter of procedural due process?

 

61. _________ is the act of taking a person into custody.

 

62. Who of the following has the authority to issue an arrest warrant?

 

63. What level of proof or knowledge of a crime and its possible perpetrator must a police officer have before he or she is authorized to make an arrest?

 

64. Fingerprinting generally occurs at the point of

 

65. Formal notice of the charge is given at the

 

66. A plea is entered at the

 

67. The purpose of the preliminary hearing is to

 

68. An "information" is filed by a

 

69. Nob contendere is

 

70. Posttrial motions are instituted by the defense only if the accused is