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                          printf CONVERSION CHARACTERS
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CHARACTERS                           ACTION  
----------    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    d         The value is displayed as a decimal number                       

    u         The value is displayed as a unsigned decimal number                 
                    
    o         The value is displayed in octal format                              
 
    x         The value is displayed in hexadecimal format using lower-case
              letters a-f as appropriate                                          
 
    X         The value is displayed in hexadecimal format using upper-case
              letters A-F as appropriate                                          
 
    f         The value is displayed in floating point format; this format can 
              be used for displaying either float or double; six digits will be 
              displayed after the decimal point unless a precision field id       
              specified                                                           
 
    e         The value is displayed using exponential notation; one digit is
              always displayed before the decimal point; the number of digits     
              displayed after the decimal point defaults to six unless a     
              precision field is specified; the exponent is displayed preceded
              by a lower-case e                                                   
 
    E         Same as e format above, except an upper-case E is displayed 
              before the exponent                                                 
 
    g         The float or double value is displayed using either f or e format,
              whichever takes less space without sacrificing full precision   
                                
    G         Same as g format above, except the value is displayed in either f 
              or E format                                                         
                                
    c         The value is displayed as a single character
 
    s         The value is displayed as a character string; the string must be
              terminated by a null character, unless a precision field is
              specified to indicate the number of characters to be displayed
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