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                          printf CONVERSION MODIFIERS
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CHARACTERS                        DESCRIPTION
----------    -----------------------------------------------------------------
    -         Specifies that the value is to be displayed left-justified in the
              field

    +         Specifies that the value will always be displayed with a plus or 
              a minus sign
                    
  blank       Indicates that non-negative numbers are to be preceded by a blank
              space
 
    #         Causes integers displayed in octal format to be preceded by a
              leading zero, integers displayed in hexadecimal format to be
              preceded by a leading 0x or 0X, and causes a decimal point 
              always to appear for e, E, f, g, and G conversions, even if the
              digits that follow the decimal point are all zero; in the case of
              g and G conversions, the trailing zeroes after the decimal point
              will also be displayed
 
field-width   If an integer value is specified, then this indicates the minimum
    or        number of positions that are to be used for the display of the 
    *         value; if more positions are required, then more will be used; if
              * is specified, then the field width is given by the next        
              argument to the printf function.
 
.precision    A period followed by an integer value indicates the maximum
    or        number of characters to display in the case of a character string
    *         (s format), the minimum number of digits to be displayed for an
              integer (d, o, x, X, or u format), or the number of digits to be
              displayed after the decimal point in the case of a float or      
              double; if 0 is specified, then the float or double value is
              displayed without any decimal digitsand without the decimal      
              point; a period followed by an asterisk indicates that the 
              precision is given by the next argument to the printf function
 
    l         The letter l, when used for the display of an integer value (d,  
              o, x, X, or u format), indicates that the value to be displayed
              is a long integer
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